{"id":7664,"date":"2026-10-19T02:54:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T00:54:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/?page_id=7664"},"modified":"2026-10-19T02:54:39","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T00:54:39","slug":"italian-citizenship-types","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-citizenship-types\/","title":{"rendered":"Types of Italian citizenship: how each one is obtained"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>\n.sha h2[id]{scroll-margin-top:130px}\nbody.page-id-7664 .page-header{background:#08088a;margin:0;padding:54px 18px 0}\nbody.page-id-7664 .page-header .entry-title{max-width:1084px;margin:0 auto;color:#fff;font-family:Montserrat,system-ui,sans-serif;font-size:clamp(28px,4.4vw,44px);line-height:1.15;font-weight:800}\nbody.page-id-7664 .sha .hero{padding-top:18px}\nbody.page-id-7664 #content.site-main{max-width:none;padding:0}\n.sha{--b:#08088a;--b2:#1f2fbf;--ink:#14142b;--mut:#4a4a68;--bg:#f5f6fb;--line:#e3e5f0;font-family:Montserrat,system-ui,sans-serif;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.65;font-size:16px}\n.sha *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.sha .wrap{max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 18px}\n.sha h2{font-size:clamp(23px,3vw,31px);line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 14px;font-weight:800;color:var(--b)}\n.sha h3{font-size:19px;margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:700}\n.sha p{margin:0 0 12px}\n.sha section{padding:46px 0}\n.sha .alt{background:var(--bg)}\n.sha .hero{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#08088a 0%,rgba(8,8,138,0) 55%),linear-gradient(135deg,#08088a 0%,#1f2fbf 100%);color:#fff;padding:58px 0 50px}\n.sha .hero p{color:#e8eaff;font-size:17px;max-width:760px}\n.sha .hero a:not(.btn){color:#fff;text-decoration:underline}\n.sha .btns{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin-top:20px}\n.sha .btn{display:inline-block;padding:13px 22px;border-radius:999px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none!important}\n.sha .btn.w{background:#fff;color:var(--b)!important}\n.sha .btn.o{border:2px solid #fff;color:#fff!important}\n.sha .sum{background:#fff;border-left:5px solid var(--b);border-radius:12px;padding:20px 22px;box-shadow:0 6px 24px rgba(8,8,138,.07)}\n.sha .toc{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin:18px 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none}\n.sha .toc a{display:inline-block;padding:7px 13px;border-radius:999px;background:#eef0ff;color:var(--b);font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}\n.sha .toc a:hover{background:var(--b);color:#fff}\n.sha .grid{display:grid;gap:16px;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(250px,1fr))}\n.sha .card{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;padding:20px}\n.sha .card .tag,.sha .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;color:var(--b);background:#eef0ff;border-radius:6px;padding:3px 8px;margin-bottom:8px}\n.sha td .tag{margin:0 4px 0 0}\n.sha .card a{font-weight:700}\n.sha .card ul{margin:0;padding-left:18px}\n.sha .card li{margin-bottom:4px}\n.sha table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;background:#fff;font-size:15px}\n.sha th,.sha td{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:10px 12px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}\n.sha th{background:#eef0ff;color:var(--b)}\n.sha .tw{overflow-x:auto;border-radius:12px;border:1px solid var(--line)}\n.sha .tw table{min-width:640px}\n.sha .tw-hint{display:none;margin:8px 0 0}\n@media(max-width:760px){.sha .tw-hint{display:block}}\n.sha ol.steps{counter-reset:s;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:grid;gap:12px}\n.sha ol.steps li{counter-increment:s;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:14px 16px 14px 58px;position:relative}\n.sha ol.steps li:before{content:counter(s);position:absolute;left:16px;top:14px;width:28px;height:28px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--b);color:#fff;font-weight:700;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.sha ul.chk{padding-left:0;list-style:none;margin:0}\n.sha ul.chk li{padding-left:26px;position:relative;margin-bottom:8px}\n.sha ul.chk li:before{content:\"\u2713\";position:absolute;left:0;color:var(--b);font-weight:800}\n.sha details{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:14px 18px;margin-bottom:10px}\n.sha summary{font-weight:700;cursor:pointer}\n.sha .note{font-size:14px;color:var(--mut)}\n.sha .cta{background:var(--b);color:#fff;border-radius:18px;padding:30px 26px}\n.sha .cta h2{color:#fff}\n.sha .cta p{color:#e8eaff}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"sha\">\n\n<section class=\"hero\"><div class=\"wrap\">\n<p>This page is for anyone who wants to understand how a person becomes an Italian citizen: every route the law provides for, the requirements and the detailed guides. SH Immigration Specialists, an immigration law firm with integrated administrative assistance, helps with documents and paperwork (see our <a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-assistance\/\">citizenship assistance<\/a>); legal advice and appeals are handled by the <a href=\"\/en\/immigration-law-firm-or-agency-italy\/\">firm\u2019s lawyers<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"btns\"><a class=\"btn w\" href=\"\/en\/contact\/\">Request an assessment<\/a><a class=\"btn o\" href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/393791864435\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Message us on WhatsApp<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<section><div class=\"wrap\"><div class=\"sum\"><p><strong>In short.<\/strong> The types of Italian citizenship, set out in Law No. 91 of 5 February 1992 and reformed in 2025, are: by birth (mostly by descent), by benefit of law, by marriage or civil union, by grant (residence or special merit) and by reacquisition. Being born in Italy gives citizenship only in a few cases. Since 2025, descent for people born abroad with another citizenship has precise limits.<\/p>\n<p class=\"note\">Page updated in October 2026 on the basis of the official sources listed at the end. Rules change: we always check the current instructions.<\/p><\/div>\n<ul class=\"toc\" aria-label=\"Jump to\"><li><a href=\"#what-is-the-legal-basis-for-italian-citizenship\">Legal basis<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#what-changed-with-the-2025-reform-and-since\">2025 reform and after<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#what-are-all-the-types-of-italian-citizenship\">Complete list<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#which-route-is-right-for-you-the-most-common-sit\">By situation<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#how-do-you-apply-for-italian-citizenship\">How to apply<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#which-requirements-apply-to-several-routes\">Common requirements<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#what-are-the-statutory-time-limits-and-what-do-t\">Time limits<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#what-happens-if-the-application-is-refused\">Refusal and appeal<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#faq\">FAQ<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\n<h2 id=\"what-is-the-legal-basis-for-italian-citizenship\">What is the legal basis for Italian citizenship?<\/h2>\n<p>Italian citizenship is governed by Law No. 91 of 5 February 1992 (Official Gazette No. 38 of 15 February 1992). The latest major reform is Decree-Law No. 36 of 28 March 2025, converted by Law No. 74 of 23 May 2025 (decree in force from 29 March 2025; amendments made by the conversion law from 24 May 2025). The routes fall into these families.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"chk\"><li><strong>By birth<\/strong> (arts. 1 and 3-bis). The child of an Italian father or mother is a citizen (<em>iure sanguinis<\/em>, that is, by descent); being born in Italy is enough only in a few cases.<\/li><li><strong>By <em>beneficio di legge<\/em> (benefit of law)<\/strong> (arts. 2, 3, 4 and 14). Citizenship the law grants, automatically or on a declaration: filiation, adoption of minors, people born in Italy who turn 18, minor children.<\/li><li><strong>By marriage or civil union<\/strong> (art. 5). On application and by decree.<\/li><li><strong>By grant<\/strong> (art. 9). By decree, after years of legal residence (paragraph 1) or for special merit (paragraph 2).<\/li><li><strong>By reacquisition<\/strong> (arts. 13 and 17). For people who lost Italian citizenship; arts. 17-bis and 17-ter cover the territories ceded to the former Yugoslavia.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"note\" style=\"margin-top:12px\">For the procedure see the <a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-official-guide\/\">official guide<\/a> and the <a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-7-steps\/\">7 steps<\/a>; for entering and living in Italy see the <a href=\"\/en\/italian-visa-types\/\">types of visa<\/a> and the <a href=\"\/en\/italian-residence-permit-types\/\">types of residence permit<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<section class=\"alt\"><div class=\"wrap\">\n<h2 id=\"what-changed-with-the-2025-reform-and-since\">What changed with the 2025 reform and since?<\/h2>\n<p>Decree-Law 36\/2025 inserted article 3-bis into Law 91\/1992: a person born abroad who holds another citizenship is treated as never having acquired Italian citizenship, even if born before the reform, subject to exceptions. Applications made after 23:59 (Rome time) on 27 March 2025 follow the new rule.<\/p>\n<p>The exceptions are alternatives: an application (or appointment communicated) or a court case by that deadline; a parent or grandparent with Italian citizenship only; a parent or adopter who lived in Italy for two continuous years after acquiring citizenship and before the child\u2019s birth or adoption. The Interior Ministry says art. 3-bis creates no new route of transmission and does not mend a broken line.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"chk\"><li><strong>Minor children (art. 4, paragraph 1-bis).<\/strong> A new declaration by the parents for minors with a parent who is a citizen by birth. From 1 January 2026 the deadline is three years from birth (previously one) and no 250 euro contribution applies (Law 199\/2025). For some minors on 24 May 2025 it is 31 May 2029 (Decree-Law 200\/2025, converted by Law 26\/2026).<\/li><li><strong>Residence (art. 9).<\/strong> With a parent or grandparent who is a citizen by birth, two years of legal residence are enough, no longer three.<\/li><li><strong>Children of those who acquire citizenship (art. 14).<\/strong> From 24 May 2025 cohabiting minor children follow the parent if they have lived legally in Italy for at least two continuous years (or since birth, if under two).<\/li><li><strong>Reacquisition (art. 17).<\/strong> From 1 July 2025 to 31 December 2027 a window is open for certain former citizens (born in Italy or resident there for at least two continuous years) who lost citizenship by 15 August 1992.<\/li><li><strong>Law 63\/2025.<\/strong> Art. 7 provides that citizenship may be granted (art. 9, paragraph 1) to foreign relatives of victims of collapses of road or motorway infrastructure of national importance, for events identified by a decree of the Prime Minister (art. 4).<\/li><li><strong>Constitutional Court.<\/strong> Art. 3-bis has not been declared unconstitutional: judgment No. 63\/2026 held the Tribunal of Turin\u2019s questions on arts. 2 and 3 of the Constitution, and on art. 117 read with arts. 9 TEU and 20 TFEU, unfounded and the others inadmissible. By order No. 147\/2026 (filed on 23 July 2026) the Court asked the EU Court of Justice whether arts. 9 TEU and 20 TFEU (on Union citizenship) preclude a rule like art. 3-bis, and suspended the proceedings.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\n<h2 id=\"what-are-all-the-types-of-italian-citizenship\">What are all the types of Italian citizenship?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tw\"><table><thead><tr><th>Route<\/th><th>Who it is for<\/th><th>Main requirements<\/th><th>Where and how to apply<\/th><th>Guide<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td><strong>By descent (<em>iure sanguinis<\/em>)<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">arts. 1, 3-bis<\/span><\/td><td>Descendants of Italian citizens, if the line of transmission has not been broken.<\/td><td>Born abroad with another citizenship: you need an art. 3-bis exception (for example an application or court case by 27 March 2025, or a parent or grandparent with Italian citizenship only).<\/td><td>The consulate of your country of residence (usually by appointment), or the Comune (town hall) if you live in Italy; 600 euro per adult at the consulate.<\/td><td><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-descent\/\">Italian citizenship by descent<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Birth in Italy (limited cases)<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">art. 1<\/span><\/td><td>People born in Italy to unknown or stateless parents, or who cannot follow their parents\u2019 citizenship; foundlings of unknown parents found in Italy.<\/td><td>Birth in Italy plus one of these cases: foreign parents alone are not enough.<\/td><td>By operation of law, from birth: no citizenship application.<\/td><td><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-born-in-italy\/\">Italian citizenship for people born in Italy<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Filiation and adoption of minors<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">arts. 2, 3<\/span><\/td><td>Minors recognised as children of, or adopted by, an Italian citizen.<\/td><td>Recognition, court declaration or adoption during minority. An adult child may choose citizenship within one year of the recognition or the judgment.<\/td><td>For minors the law applies by itself; for an adult\u2019s election check which office is competent.<\/td><td><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-official-guide\/\">Official guide<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>People born in Italy who turn 18<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">art. 4, para. 2<\/span><\/td><td>Foreigners born in Italy and legally resident without interruption until 18.<\/td><td>Legal residence without interruption from birth to 18 and a declaration within one year of turning 18.<\/td><td>Declaration in person to the civil registrar (<em>ufficiale di stato civile<\/em>) at the Comune; 250 euro contribution.<\/td><td><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-born-in-italy\/\">Italian citizenship for people born in Italy<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Descendants of citizens by birth (declaration)<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">art. 4, para. 1<\/span><\/td><td>Foreigners with a parent or grandparent who is or was a citizen by birth.<\/td><td>Military service for Italy or State public employment, with a declaration; or, at 18, two years of legal residence and a declaration within one year.<\/td><td>Declaration in person to the civil registrar at the Comune; 250 euro contribution.<\/td><td><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-official-guide\/\">Official guide<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Minor children of citizens by birth<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">art. 4, para. 1-bis<\/span><\/td><td>Foreign minors with a parent who is a citizen by birth (not by naturalisation, marriage or benefit of law).<\/td><td>Declaration by the parents or guardian within three years of birth or filiation; or two continuous years of the minor\u2019s legal residence in Italy after the declaration.<\/td><td>In person before the civil registrar. From 2026 no contribution for a declaration within the deadline.<\/td><td>Italian citizenship for minor children<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Minor children of those who acquire or reacquire citizenship<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">art. 14<\/span><\/td><td>Cohabiting minor children of a person who acquires or reacquires citizenship.<\/td><td>Living with the parent and, for acquisitions from 24 May 2025, two continuous years of legal residence in Italy (or since birth, if under two). At 18 they may renounce, but only if they hold another citizenship.<\/td><td>By operation of law, together with the parent; cohabitation and residence count at the date of the parent\u2019s acquisition.<\/td><td>Italian citizenship for minor children<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Marriage or civil union<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">art. 5<\/span><\/td><td>Foreign spouse or civil-union partner of an Italian citizen.<\/td><td>Two years of legal residence in Italy after the marriage, or three years from the marriage if you live abroad (the periods are halved with children born to or adopted by the spouses). At the time of the decree, no dissolution, annulment or legal separation (the Italian spouse\u2019s death within the statutory deadlines does not prevent acquisition: Constitutional Court 195\/2022), B1, no bar under art. 6.<\/td><td>Online on the Interior Ministry portal (SPID or CIE digital identity in Italy; registration abroad, with checks at the consulate). 250 euro contribution.<\/td><td><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-marriage\/\">Italian citizenship by marriage<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Residence (naturalisation)<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">art. 9, para. 1<\/span><\/td><td>Adult foreigners legally resident in Italy for years; the length depends on the category.<\/td><td>Years of legal residence: 10 (other foreigners), 4 (EU citizens), 5 (stateless persons, refugees, adult adoptees), 3 (born in Italy), 2 (a parent or grandparent is a citizen by birth); 5 of State service. Income and B1.<\/td><td>Online only on the Interior Ministry portal, then the Prefecture (provincial office) or the consulate. 250 euro contribution; 16 euro revenue stamp (<em>bollo<\/em>) per the Prefecture of Catania, required only for applications filed in Italy.<\/td><td><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-residence\/\">Italian citizenship by residence<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Grant for special merit<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">art. 9, para. 2<\/span><\/td><td>Foreigners who have rendered eminent services to Italy, or when there is an exceptional interest of the State.<\/td><td>Discretionary decision; the law sets no years of residence.<\/td><td>Decree of the President of the Republic, after hearing the Council of State and with prior deliberation of the Council of Ministers. The sources consulted do not explain how to apply.<\/td><td>Italian citizenship by grant and special merit<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Relatives of victims of road collapses<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">Law 63\/2025, art. 7<\/span><\/td><td>Foreign relatives (spouse, civil-union partner or stable cohabitant, children, parents, siblings) of victims of collapses of road or motorway infrastructure of national importance, for events identified by a decree of the Prime Minister.<\/td><td>Regular residence in Italy at the victim\u2019s death; five years of legal residence at the time of the grant (art. 9, paragraph 1).<\/td><td>Grant procedure of art. 9; the sources consulted do not indicate a dedicated route.<\/td><td>Italian citizenship by grant and special merit<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Reacquisition of citizenship<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">art. 13<\/span><\/td><td>Former Italian citizens who lost citizenship and wish to reacquire it.<\/td><td>One of the five cases in art. 13 (for example public employment for Italy with a declaration, or one year of residence in Italy unless expressly renouncing); some losses are excluded.<\/td><td>Where a declaration is required: made in Italy or at the consulate; 250 euro (at the consulate it is a consular fee).<\/td><td><a href=\"\/en\/reclaim-italian-citizenship\/\">Reclaim Italian citizenship<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Reacquisition with reopened deadlines (2025\u20132027)<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">art. 17<\/span><\/td><td>People born in Italy, or resident for at least two continuous years, who lost citizenship by 15 August 1992 (Law 555\/1912, art. 8 nos. 1-2 and art. 12).<\/td><td>Declaration between 1 July 2025 and 31 December 2027. Renunciations and other losses from 16 August 1992 are excluded.<\/td><td>In person, before the civil registrar or the consulate; 250 euro (at the consulate it is a consular fee).<\/td><td><a href=\"\/en\/reclaim-italian-citizenship\/\">Reclaim Italian citizenship<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><strong>Territories ceded to the former Yugoslavia<\/strong><br><span class=\"tag\">arts. 17-bis, 17-ter<\/span><\/td><td>Former citizens resident in the territories ceded under the Treaties of Paris (1947) and Osimo (1975), and direct descendants of Italian language and culture.<\/td><td>Requirements of the treaties (for example the option); for descendants, proof of Italian language and culture.<\/td><td>Application to the Comune of residence or, where provided, the consulate, with the documents set by an Interior Ministry circular.<\/td><td><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-official-guide\/\">Official guide<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n<p class=\"note tw-hint\">Scroll the table sideways to see all the columns.<\/p>\n<p class=\"note\" style=\"margin-top:12px\">The articles cited are those of Law 91\/1992; for people born abroad with another citizenship, art. 3-bis derogates from arts. 1, 2, 3, 14 and 20. Loss, renunciation and revocation are not routes to citizenship: see the FAQ and Loss and renunciation of Italian citizenship.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<section class=\"alt\"><div class=\"wrap\">\n<h2 id=\"which-route-is-right-for-you-the-most-common-sit\">Which route is right for you? The most common situations<\/h2>\n<p>This is a first orientation: every case needs its own assessment.<\/p>\n<div class=\"grid\">\n<div class=\"card\"><span class=\"tag\">Italian ancestor<\/span><h3>I have an Italian parent, grandparent or ancestor<\/h3><p>This is citizenship by descent (<em>iure sanguinis<\/em>). After 2025 it matters whether you were born abroad with another citizenship.<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-descent\/\">Italian citizenship by descent<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-official-guide\/\">Official guide 2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<div class=\"card\"><span class=\"tag\">Marriage<\/span><h3>I am married to an Italian citizen (or in a civil union)<\/h3><p>It is not automatic: you need to apply, with years of residence or marriage, B1 and the legal requirements.<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-marriage\/\">Italian citizenship by marriage<\/a><\/li><li>Italian language level B1 for citizenship<\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/family-reunification-italian-citizens\/\">Family reunification with an Italian citizen<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<div class=\"card\"><span class=\"tag\">Residence<\/span><h3>I have lived in Italy for years<\/h3><p>After 2 to 10 years of legal residence, depending on the category, you can apply, with income, B1 and other requirements.<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-residence\/\">Italian citizenship by residence<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/registering-residence-italy-foreigners\/\">Registering residence in Italy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/permanent-residence-card-italy\/\">Permanent residence card<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<div class=\"card\"><span class=\"tag\">Born in Italy<\/span><h3>I was born in Italy to foreign parents<\/h3><p>At 18, with continuous legal residence, you can declare it within one year; alternatively you can apply by residence after three years.<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-born-in-italy\/\">Italian citizenship for people born in Italy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-residence\/\">Italian citizenship by residence<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<div class=\"card\"><span class=\"tag\">Lost citizenship<\/span><h3>I lost or renounced Italian citizenship<\/h3><p>In some cases it is reacquired by declaration. Until 31 December 2027 a window is open for some people who lost it by 15 August 1992 (requirements in the table).<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/en\/reclaim-italian-citizenship\/\">Reclaim Italian citizenship<\/a><\/li><li>Loss and renunciation<\/li><li>Dual citizenship<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<div class=\"card\"><span class=\"tag\">Minor children<\/span><h3>I have minor children<\/h3><p>Children may follow a parent who acquires or reacquires citizenship; for children of a citizen by birth there is a declaration.<\/p><ul><li>Italian citizenship for minor children<\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-7-steps\/\">The 7 steps of the application<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\n<h2 id=\"how-do-you-apply-for-italian-citizenship\">How do you apply for Italian citizenship?<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"steps\"><li><strong>Gather the documents.<\/strong> The route decides the office and the documents (see the <a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-official-guide\/\">official guide<\/a>). Usually you need a birth certificate and criminal record certificates from your country of origin and every country of residence, translated and legalised or apostilled (see <a href=\"\/en\/apostille-legalisation-documents-italy\/\">apostille and legalisation<\/a>). Consulates may ask for the originals in person.<\/li><li><strong>Submit the application.<\/strong> Marriage and residence: online on the Interior Ministry portal (SPID or CIE in Italy, registration abroad), then the Prefecture or the consulate. Descent: the consulate or the Comune. Declarations and reacquisition: in person before the civil registrar (for reacquisition also at the consulate).<\/li><li><strong>Pay the official amounts.<\/strong> A 250 euro contribution (art. 9-bis), with exceptions; for residence one Prefecture also indicates a 16 euro revenue stamp (required only for applications from Italy). Consulate: 600 euro for descent. Certificates, translations, apostilles and B1 are paid separately.<\/li><li><strong>Wait for the outcome.<\/strong> For marriage and residence the Ministry has 24 months, extendable to 36; you can follow the case on the portal and with the IO app. For the other routes timing depends on the office.<\/li><li><strong>Decree and oath.<\/strong> For applications filed in Italy the decree is notified through SEND (digital notifications). Within six months you swear loyalty to the Republic before the civil registrar (or at the consulate), otherwise the decree loses effect. Citizenship runs from the following day.<\/li><li><strong>Registration.<\/strong> The birth record is transcribed by the Italian Comune and, if you live abroad, you register with AIRE (the register of Italians resident abroad).<\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<section class=\"alt\"><div class=\"wrap\">\n<h2 id=\"which-requirements-apply-to-several-routes\">Which requirements apply to several routes?<\/h2>\n<p>Marriage and residence share several requirements; the other routes have their own rules. For each point we give the sources.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"chk\"><li><strong>Legal residence.<\/strong> For marriage (art. 5), two years of legal residence in Italy after the marriage count, or three from the marriage if you live abroad; for residence (art. 9) the years vary by category (see the table), and one Prefecture states that you cannot move your residence abroad during the procedure. Sources: Law 91\/1992, Interior Ministry, Prefecture of La Spezia.<\/li><li><strong>Italian at B1 level.<\/strong> Arts. 5 and 9 require at least B1 on the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages), proved by a school qualification or a certificate from a recognised body. Exempt: holders of the integration agreement or the EU long-term residence permit and, under Constitutional Court judgment No. 25\/2025, people with serious certified learning limitations. Sources: art. 9.1 Law 91\/1992, Interior Ministry, Prefecture of Catania, Constitutional Court.<\/li><li><strong>Income.<\/strong> Residence requires adequate income over the last three years. Some Prefecture pages give the thresholds: 8,263.31 euro a year for a single person, 11,362.05 with a dependent spouse, plus 516 euro for each dependent child. Sources: Prefectures of Catania and La Spezia.<\/li><li><strong>Criminal record.<\/strong> Criminal record certificates are needed from the country of origin and any other country of residence. For marriage, art. 6 bars people convicted of certain crimes against the State or of non-negligent crimes carrying a maximum penalty of at least three years, and those who raise reasons of Republic security; rehabilitation ends their effects. Sources: Law 91\/1992, Prefectures of Catania and La Spezia.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\n<h2 id=\"what-are-the-statutory-time-limits-and-what-do-t\">What are the statutory time limits and what do they mean?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Marriage and residence.<\/strong> For art. 5 and art. 9 applications filed from 20 December 2020, the law sets 24 months from filing, extendable to 36 (art. 9-ter); before that it was 48. One Prefecture states that the time limit applies to complete and regular applications.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Descent.<\/strong> The Consulate of Cologne indicates 36 months for applications filed from 1 January 2026 and 730 days from complete documentation for earlier ones; check the competent consulate. For declarations (art. 4) and reacquisition the sources consulted give no single time limit.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"chk\"><li><strong>Decision deadline.<\/strong> The time within which the administration must decide with an express decision, counted from the filing of the application.<\/li><li><strong>Extension.<\/strong> The term can be extended to 36 months in total, not by a further 36 months.<\/li><li><strong>Deadline passes without a reply.<\/strong> The administration must still decide: once the deadline has expired, the administrative court can ascertain the duty to decide, on an action brought no later than one year after the expiry (art. 31 of the Code of Administrative Procedure).<\/li><li><strong>Deadline for declarations.<\/strong> The period within which to make the declaration: one year from turning 18 (art. 4, paragraphs 1 and 2), three years from birth (art. 4, paragraph 1-bis), 31 December 2027 (art. 17). Once it expires that declaration is, as a rule, no longer possible, but other routes may remain; for art. 4, paragraph 2, the right can still be exercised after the deadline if the Comune did not notify the person in the six months before turning 18 (Decree-Law 69\/2013, art. 33).<\/li><li><strong>Oath.<\/strong> It must be taken within six months of the decree\u2019s notification, otherwise the decree loses effect (art. 10); citizenship runs from the following day (art. 15).<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<section class=\"alt\"><div class=\"wrap\">\n<h2 id=\"what-happens-if-the-application-is-refused\">What happens if the application is refused?<\/h2>\n<p>For marriage, art. 8 provides for refusal by reasoned decree if a bar under art. 6 applies; a refused application can be resubmitted after five years. For residence the Prefectures describe the decision as discretionary and the denial is signed by the delegated Undersecretary.<\/p>\n<p>An incomplete or irregular application is rejected at the formal stage, with reasons, and can be resubmitted online reusing unexpired documents and payments already made; according to one Prefecture this rejection cannot be directly challenged.<\/p>\n<p>A denial decree can be challenged before a court within short deadlines, and which court is competent depends on the case. For example, before the administrative court the ordinary deadline is 60 days (art. 29 of the Code of Administrative Procedure). Actions to ascertain citizenship (for example by descent) belong to the immigration section of the tribunal; since 2025, as a rule, the oath and witness evidence are not admitted and the claimant must prove that there are no grounds of non-acquisition or loss (art. 19-bis, Legislative Decree 150\/2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"note\" style=\"margin-top:12px\">If you receive a denial or want to appeal, have a lawyer read the documents straight away: appeals and representation before a court are carried out by the firm\u2019s lawyers, see <a href=\"\/en\/immigration-lawyer-italy\/\">Immigration lawyer in Italy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\n<h2 id=\"faq\">Frequently asked questions about the types of Italian citizenship<\/h2>\n<details><summary>Can you hold dual Italian citizenship?<\/summary><p>Yes: a person who holds, acquires or reacquires another citizenship keeps Italian citizenship (art. 11 of Law 91\/1992), and arts. 5 and 9 do not list renouncing the original citizenship among the requirements. The other country\u2019s law still matters; for descent by people born abroad with another citizenship, art. 3-bis applies.<\/p><\/details>\n<details><summary>How long does it take to obtain Italian citizenship?<\/summary><p>It depends on the route. For marriage and residence the law gives the Ministry 24 months from the application, extendable to 36 (art. 9-ter). For descent the Consulate of Cologne indicates 36 months for applications from 1 January 2026. For declarations and reacquisition it depends on the office.<\/p><\/details>\n<details><summary>Is the Italian B1 level compulsory?<\/summary><p>For marriage (art. 5) and residence (art. 9), yes: you need at least B1 on the CEFR, proved by a school qualification or the certificate of a recognised body. Holders of the integration agreement or the EU long-term residence permit are exempt, as are people with serious certified learning limitations.<\/p><\/details>\n<details><summary>How much does Italian citizenship cost?<\/summary><p>The standard contribution is 250 euro (art. 9-bis), with exceptions; for residence one Prefecture also indicates a 16 euro revenue stamp (required only for applications filed in Italy). Consulates charge 600 euro for descent (adults) and 250 euro for reacquisition. Certificates, translations, apostilles and B1 are paid separately.<\/p><\/details>\n<details><summary>What happens to my children\u2019s citizenship?<\/summary><p>Cohabiting minor children of someone who acquires or reacquires citizenship acquire it if they have lived legally in Italy for at least two continuous years, or since birth if under two (art. 14, from 24 May 2025). For foreign children of a citizen by birth, art. 4, paragraph 1-bis applies.<\/p><\/details>\n<details><summary>Can descendants of Italians still obtain citizenship after the reform?<\/summary><p>Yes, but with limits for people born abroad who hold another citizenship (art. 3-bis). Cases that remain open include a parent or grandparent with Italian citizenship only, a parent who lived in Italy for two years after acquiring citizenship, and applications filed by 27 March 2025. A reference to the EU Court of Justice on art. 3-bis is pending.<\/p><\/details>\n<details><summary>Can I lose Italian citizenship?<\/summary><p>Cases are few. Art. 12 covers people who accept public employment or perform military service for a foreign State and do not leave the post when the Government orders it, and some wartime cases. You can renounce if you hold another citizenship and live abroad (art. 11). Revocation (art. 10-bis) concerns people who acquired citizenship (arts. 4, paragraph 2, 5 or 9), follows final convictions for terrorism and requires another citizenship.<\/p><\/details>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<section class=\"alt\"><div class=\"wrap\">\n<h2>Official sources<\/h2><ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.normattiva.it\/eli\/id\/2025\/05\/23\/25A03081\/CONSOLIDATED\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Decree-Law No. 36 of 28 March 2025, consolidated text with Law No. 74 of 23 May 2025 \u2013 Normattiva (Italian text)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.normattiva.it\/eli\/stato\/LEGGE\/1992\/02\/05\/91\/CONSOLIDATED\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Law No. 91 of 5 February 1992, consolidated text \u2013 Normattiva (Italian text)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/libertaciviliimmigrazione.dlci.interno.gov.it\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-06\/circolare_26185_del_28_05_2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Circular No. 26185 of 28 May 2025 on the citizenship reform \u2013 Ministry of the Interior (Italian text)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/libertaciviliimmigrazione.dlci.interno.gov.it\/sites\/default\/files\/2026-01\/Prot%20889-Circolare%20art%204%20comma%201bis%20legge%20n%2091_1992_signed.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Circular No. 889 of 8 January 2026 (2026 Budget Law) \u2013 Ministry of the Interior (Italian text)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/libertaciviliimmigrazione.dlci.interno.gov.it\/sites\/default\/files\/2026-03\/Circolare%20art.%201-comma%201%20ter%20%28milleproroghe%29%20%281%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Circular No. 19951 of 12 March 2026 on the deadline for minors\u2019 declarations (Decree-Law 200\/2025, Law 26\/2026) \u2013 Ministry of the Interior (Italian text)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/libertaciviliimmigrazione.dlci.interno.gov.it\/ufficio-ii-cittadinanza\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Office II \u2013 Citizenship: online procedure, decrees and oath \u2013 Ministry of the Interior (Italian text)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/libertaciviliimmigrazione.dlci.interno.gov.it\/temi\/concessione-della-cittadinanza-italiana-residenza-sul-territorio-italiano-ai-sensi-dellart-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Citizenship by residence, art. 9 of Law 91\/1992 \u2013 Ministry of the Interior (Italian text)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/libertaciviliimmigrazione.dlci.interno.gov.it\/cittadinanza-invia-la-tua-domanda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Citizenship: submit your application online \u2013 Ministry of the Interior (Italian text)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/prefettura.interno.gov.it\/it\/prefetture\/catania\/concessione-cittadinanza-residenza\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Citizenship by residence \u2013 Prefecture of Catania, Ministry of the Interior (Italian text)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/conscolonia.esteri.it\/it\/servizi-consolari-e-visti\/servizi-per-il-cittadino-straniero\/cittadinanza\/cittadinanza-per-discendenza-iure-sanguinis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Citizenship by descent (iure sanguinis) \u2013 Consulate General of Italy in Cologne (Italian text)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cortecostituzionale.it\/scheda-pronuncia\/2026\/63\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Judgment No. 63\/2026 on art. 3-bis of Law 91\/1992 \u2013 Constitutional Court (Italian text)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cortecostituzionale.it\/scheda-pronuncia\/2026\/147\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Order No. 147\/2026, reference to the EU Court of Justice \u2013 Constitutional Court (Italian text)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"note\">Sources consulted on 19 October 2026. Amounts and timing change and vary from office to office: always check the current instructions of the competent office. The outcome depends on the competent authorities. This content offers general information and does not constitute legal advice.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<section><div class=\"wrap\">\n<h2>Useful guides<\/h2><ul class=\"chk\">\n<li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-official-guide\/\">Italian citizenship 2026: official guide<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-7-steps\/\">Italian citizenship application: the 7 steps<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-marriage\/\">Italian citizenship by marriage<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-descent\/\">Italian citizenship by descent<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-descent-assistance\/\">Italian citizenship by descent: assistance<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-residence\/\">Italian citizenship by residence<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-born-in-italy\/\">Italian citizenship for people born in Italy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/en\/reclaim-italian-citizenship\/\">Reclaim Italian citizenship<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Italian citizenship for minor children<\/li>\n<li>Italian language level B1 for citizenship<\/li>\n<li>Dual citizenship and Italian citizenship<\/li>\n<li>Loss and renunciation of Italian citizenship<\/li>\n<li>Italian citizenship by grant and special merit<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/en\/apostille-legalisation-documents-italy\/\">Apostille and legalisation of documents for Italy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/en\/italian-citizenship-assistance\/\">Italian citizenship assistance<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/en\/immigration-lawyer-italy\/\">Immigration lawyer in Italy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n<section><div class=\"wrap\"><div class=\"cta\">\n<h2>Not sure which citizenship route fits you?<\/h2><p>Write to us from the contact page or on WhatsApp: we help you work out which documents are needed and prepare the application. For legal matters and appeals there are the firm\u2019s lawyers. The outcome depends on the competent authorities.<\/p>\n<div class=\"btns\"><a class=\"btn w\" href=\"\/en\/contact\/\">Contact us<\/a><a class=\"btn o\" href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/393791864435\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WhatsApp +39 379 186 4435<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"CollectionPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-citizenship-types\/#page\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-citizenship-types\/\",\"name\":\"Types of Italian citizenship: how each one is obtained\",\"description\":\"Every route to Italian citizenship after the 2025 reform: descent, marriage, residence, birth in Italy and reacquisition, with links to the detailed guides.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"name\":\"SH Immigration Specialists\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"SH Immigration Specialists\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/\"},\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-18\",\"mainEntity\":{\"@type\":\"ItemList\",\"name\":\"Types of Italian citizenship: how each one is obtained\",\"numberOfItems\":16,\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"official guide\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-citizenship-official-guide\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"7 steps\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-citizenship-7-steps\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"types of visa\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-visa-types\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"types of residence permit\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-residence-permit-types\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Italian citizenship by descent\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-descent\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":6,\"name\":\"Italian citizenship for people born in Italy\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-citizenship-born-in-italy\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":7,\"name\":\"Italian citizenship by marriage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-marriage\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":8,\"name\":\"Italian citizenship by residence\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-residence\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":9,\"name\":\"Reclaim Italian citizenship\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/reclaim-italian-citizenship\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":10,\"name\":\"Family reunification with an Italian citizen\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/family-reunification-italian-citizens\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":11,\"name\":\"Registering residence in Italy\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/registering-residence-italy-foreigners\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":12,\"name\":\"Permanent residence card\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/permanent-residence-card-italy\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":13,\"name\":\"apostille and legalisation\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/apostille-legalisation-documents-italy\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":14,\"name\":\"Immigration lawyer in Italy\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/immigration-lawyer-italy\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":15,\"name\":\"Italian citizenship by descent: assistance\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-citizenship-by-descent-assistance\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":16,\"name\":\"Italian citizenship assistance\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-citizenship-assistance\/\"}]}},{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.shimmigrations.com\/en\/italian-citizenship-types\/#faq\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can you hold dual Italian citizenship?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes: a person who holds, acquires or reacquires another citizenship keeps Italian citizenship (art. 11 of Law 91\/1992), and arts. 5 and 9 do not list renouncing the original citizenship among the requirements. 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